2025, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A
Energy-aware communication protocols for electrical IoT devices
Author(s): Amina Nguvumali and Juma Mkundi
Abstract: The rapid proliferation of electrical Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart grids, industrial automation, and home energy systems has intensified the need for energy-efficient communication strategies that ensure long-term device sustainability. This study presents the design and evaluation of an Energy-Aware Communication Protocol (EACP) tailored for electrical IoT devices operating under constrained power conditions. The proposed framework integrates adaptive clustering, residual-energy-based routing, and dynamic duty-cycling mechanisms to optimize communication energy usage while maintaining network performance. Using simulation models in MATLAB and NS-3, EACP was compared against established protocols such as LEACH, HEED, and PEGASIS across key performance parameters including total energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and latency. Statistical analyses using ANOVA and pairwise t-tests confirmed significant improvements in energy efficiency and network stability (p < 0.001). EACP achieved up to 40% reduction in total energy consumption and a 15% extension in network lifetime, with negligible compromise in latency. The findings affirm that integrating adaptive, energy-aware mechanisms in IoT communication stacks can substantially improve scalability and reliability in power-sensitive electrical environments. The study concludes that the application of EACP can effectively support long-term, autonomous operation of distributed IoT systems in energy-critical domains such as smart metering, industrial monitoring, and home energy management. The research further recommends embedding real-time residual energy tracking, adaptive duty scheduling, and renewable-assisted power models into IoT design frameworks to foster sustainable and resilient communication architectures.
Pages: 45-50 | Views: 196 | Downloads: 84
Download Full Article: Click Here
How to cite this article:
Amina Nguvumali, Juma Mkundi. Energy-aware communication protocols for electrical IoT devices. Int J Electr Data Commun 2025;6(2):45-50.
